Laparoscopic Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Trend for Addressing Type II Endoleak Following Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Background/Objectives: this systematic review aims to explore the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) as an emerging trend for addressing a type II endoleak following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases including Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The search focused on articles reporting on the laparoscopic ligation of the IMA for the treatment of a type II endoleak post-EVAR. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, patient demographics, technical success rates, postoperative outcomes, and follow-up results. Results: Our analysis included ten case studies and two retrospective cohort studies, comprising a total of 26 patients who underwent a laparoscopic ligation of the IMA between 2000 and 2023. The mean age of the cohort was 72.3 years, with a male predominance (92.3%). The mean AAA diameter at the time of intervention was 69.7 mm. The technique demonstrated a high technical success rate of 92.3%, with a mean procedure time of 118.4 min and minimal blood loss. The average follow-up duration was 19.9 months, with 73% of patients experiencing regression of the aneurysmal sac, and no reports of an IMA-related type II endoleak during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The laparoscopic ligation of the IMA for a type II endoleak following EVAR presents a promising, minimally invasive alternative with high technical success rates and favorable postoperative outcomes. Despite its potential advantages, including reduced contrast agent use and radiation exposure, its application remains limited to specialized centers. The findings suggest the need for further research in larger prospective studies to validate the effectiveness of this procedure and potentially broaden its clinical adoption.

Endovascular Coil Embolization of a Large Ruptured Splenic Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report.

This case report aims to elucidate the current practices and efficacy of endovascular repair in managing splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs), particularly focusing on a case of a large, partially ruptured SAA. A 66-year-old female presented with severe abdominal pain and was later diagnosed with a 53mm saccular, degenerative SAA showing signs of partial rupture. The patient underwent successful endovascular repair using a combination of interlocking detachable coils and fibered coils. Despite the initial success, a follow-up CT angiogram revealed residual issues, necessitating additional embolization. The patient recovered well, with subsequent follow-ups indicating complete aneurysm closure and no complications. The successful management of this case aligns with current trends in SAA treatment, emphasizing the shift towards endovascular repair methods. This approach, highlighted in the literature, offers a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery, with lower morbidity and mortality rates. This case underscores the importance of individualized treatment planning and vigilant follow-up, particularly in light of the potential need for secondary interventions. This report contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting endovascular repair as a safe and effective treatment for SAAs, advocating for continued research into long-term outcomes and the development of advanced endovascular technologies.

A Successful Endovascular Treatment of Massive Hematuria Caused by Aorto-Ureteric Fistula: A Report of a Rare Case.

Fistula formation between the urinary tract and the arterial system is very rare, and usually involves the ureter and the adjacent iliac vessels. Communication of the ureter with the aorta has been described a few times worldwide, and most of them had a fatal outcome. In our case, a 79-year-old man had a history of total cystectomy for malignancy and diversion of both ureters to a single site in the right hypogastrium with the left one crossing over the aorta. He was admitted elsewhere several times for intermittent hematuria, and four months ago the diagnosis of communication of the left ureter with a mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm was made. He was then referred to an interventional radiologist who sealed the communication. He was admitted to our hospital four months later in a state of hypovolemic shock and massive hematuria. In lack of information, it seemed to us that he had been treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for uretero-aortic communication, and was experiencing a regression because of endoleak formation. We attempted to treat him as type I endoleak with a proximal extension, and upon failure, with distal extensions, but finally we had to 'build' the entire previous graft from the inside to achieve hemodynamic stability. Our patient remained stable, without endoleak on the post-intervention computed tomography angiography (CTA). Post-operatively, we discovered that the initial operation was the formation of a bifurcated graft with multiple bare stents and coil embolization through them. This was done in an attempt to avoid material infection by the mycotic aneurysm. This is an example of a case where 'things got rough' in a lack of information on patients' medical records. Maybe the time has come to adopt the concept of implanting microchips into humans which would enable doctors to access their medical records. This will only serve as a tool for the benefit of the suffering patients, especially when we are dealing with life-threatening situations with no time to be lost.

Rethinking Fluid Responsiveness during Septic Shock: Ameliorate Accuracy of Noninvasive Cardiac Output Measurements through Evaluation of Arterial Biomechanical Properties.

Beat-to-beat estimates of cardiac output from the direct measure of peripheral arterial blood pressure rely on the assumption that changes in the waveform morphology are related to changes in blood flow and vasomotor tone. However, in septic shock patients, profound changes in vascular tone occur that are not uniform across the entire arterial bed. In such cases, cardiac output estimates might be inaccurate, leading to unreliable evaluation of fluid responsiveness. Pulse wave velocity is the gold-standard method for assessing different arterial biomechanical properties. Such methods might be able to guide, personalize and optimize the management of septic patients.

Limitation of Non-Beneficial Interventions and their Impact on the Intensive Care Unit Costs.

Introduction: Using a plan to limit non-beneficial life support interventions has significantly reduced harm and loss of dignity for patients at the end of life. The association of these limitations with patients' clinical characteristics and health care costs in the intensive care unit (ICU) needs further scientific evidence. Aim of the study: To explore decisions to limit non-beneficial life support interventions, their correlation with patients' clinical data, and their effect on the cost of care in the ICU. Material and Methods: We included all patients admitted to the general ICU of a hospital in Greece in a two-year (2019-2021) prospective study. Data collection included patient demographic and clinical variables, data related to decisions to limit (withholding, withdrawing) non-beneficial interventions (NBIs), and economic data. Comparisons were made between patients with and without limitation decisions. Results: NBIs were limited in 164 of 454 patients (36.12%). Patients with limitation decisions were associated with older age (70y vs. 62y; p<0,001), greater disease severity score (APACHE IV, 71 vs. 50; p<0,001), longer length of stay (7d vs. 4.5d; p<0,001), and worse prognosis of death (APACHE IV PDR, 48.9 vs. 17.35; p<0,001). All cost categories and total cost per patient were also higher than the patient without limitation of NBIs (9247,79€ vs. 8029,46€, p<0,004). The mean daily cost has not differed between the groups (831,24€ vs. 832,59€; p<0,716). However, in the group of patients with limitations, all cost categories, including the average daily cost (767.31€ vs. 649.12€) after the limitation of NBIs, were reduced to a statistically significant degree (p<0.001). Conclusions: Limiting NBIs in the ICU reduces healthcare costs and may lead to better management of ICU resource use.

Coarctation of the Aorta: Diagnosis and Management.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for approximately 5-8% of all congenital heart defects. Depending on the severity of the CoA and the presence of associated cardiac lesions, the clinical presentation and age vary. Developments in diagnosis and management have improved outcomes in this patient population. Even after timely repair, it is important to regularly screen for hypertension. Patients with CoA require lifelong follow-up with a congenital heart disease specialist as these patients may develop recoarctation and complications at the repair site and remain at enhanced cardiovascular risk throughout their lifetime.

Case report of a left superior vena cava to left atrial connection treated with percutaneous covered stent placement.

Background: Persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) with connection to the left atrium (LA) is a rare anomaly with serious clinical implications. Depending on the direction of flow through the intracardiac shunt, clinical presentation varies from cyanosis or paradoxical embolism to overt right heart failure. Case summary: A 26-year-old man with repaired ventricular septal defect (VSD) during infancy presented with symptoms of progressive exercise intolerance. Cardiac imaging revealed a large defect at the posterior wall of the LSVC above its entry to the coronary sinus (CS), connecting the LSVC with the LA and resulting in diversion of pulmonary venous return to the CS. All pulmonary veins connect normally to the LA. The large left-to-right intracardiac shunt led to significant right ventricular dilation and tricuspid regurgitation. He underwent successful anatomical repair with transcatheter implantation of covered stent from LSVC to the CS, redirecting pulmonary venous return to the LA. At 1 year follow up, his exercise capacity had improved, and cardiac imaging showed complete seal of the LSVC defect without obstruction to pulmonary venous return. Discussion: Our case is the first to our knowledge to report this unusual anatomic variant of LSVC to LA connection, and complete repair by transcatheter treatment. Previous case reports of other forms of LSVC to LA connection were treated with surgery or device occlusion without reconnection of LSVC. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of innovative percutaneous techniques in the management of complex congenital heart lesions. Meticulous procedural planning through 3D modelling and simulation is vital to mitigate the risks of these innovative procedures.

Contemporary cardiac surgery for adults with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: Advances in early management of congenital heart disease (CHD) have led to an exponential growth in adults with CHD (ACHD). Many of these patients require cardiac surgery. This study sought to examine outcome and its predictors for ACHD cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is an observational cohort study of prospectively collected data on 1090 consecutive adult patients with CHD, undergoing 1130 cardiac operations for CHD at the Royal Brompton Hospital between 2002 and 2011. Early mortality was the primary outcome measure. Midterm to longer-term survival, cumulative incidence of reoperation, other interventions and/or new-onset arrhythmia were secondary outcome measures. Predictors of early/total mortality were identified. RESULTS: Age at surgery was 35±15 years, 53% male, 52.3% were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, 37.2% in class II and 10.4% in class III/IV. Early mortality was 1.77% with independent predictors NYHA class ≥ III, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) <15 mm and female gender. Over a mean follow-up of 2.8±2.6 years, 46 patients died. Baseline predictors of total mortality were NYHA class ≥ III, TAPSE <15 mm and non-elective surgery. The number of sternotomies was not independently associated with neither early nor total mortality. At 10 years, probability of survival was 94%. NYHA class among survivors was significantly improved, compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary cardiac surgery for ACHD performed at a single, tertiary reference centre with a multidisciplinary approach is associated with low mortality and improved functional status. Also, our findings emphasise the point that surgery should not be delayed because of reluctance to reoperate only.

Resting Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Data on energy requirements of patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill patients with SICH and to compare it with the predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR). METHODS: In 30 nonseptic patients with SICH, the REE was measured during the 10 first posthemorrhage days with the use of indirect calorimetry (IC). Predicted BMR was also evaluated by the Harris-Benedict (HB) equation. Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between measured and predicted values. The possible effect of confounding factors (demographics, disease, and severity of illness score) on the evolution of continuous variables was also tested. RESULTS: mean predicted BMR, calculated by the HB equation, was 1580.3 ± 262 kcal/d, while measured REE was 1878.9 ± 478 kcal/d (117.5% BMR). Compared with BMR, measured REE values showed a statistically significant increase at all studied points (P < .005). Measured and predicted values showed a good correlation (r = 0.73, P < .001), but the test of agreement between the 2 methods with the Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias (294.6 ± 265.6 kcal/d) and limits of agreement (-226 to 815.29 kcal/d) that were beyond the clinically acceptable range. REE values presented a trend toward increase over time (P = .077), reaching significance (P < .005) after the seventh day. Significant correlation was found between REE and temperature (P = .002, r = 0.63), as well as between REE and cortisol level (P = .017, r = 0.62) on the 10th day. No correlation was identified between REE and depth of sedation, as well as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Hunt and Hess scores. CONCLUSIONS: During the early posthemorrhagic stage, energy requirements of critically ill patients with SICH are increased, presenting a trend toward increase over time. Compared with IC, the HB equation underestimates energy requirements and is inefficient in detecting individual variability of REE in this group of patients.

Group contribution methodology based on the statistical associating fluid theory for heteronuclear molecules formed from Mie segments.

A generalization of the recent version of the statistical associating fluid theory for variable range Mie potentials [Lafitte et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 154504 (2013)] is formulated within the framework of a group contribution approach (SAFT-γ Mie). Molecules are represented as comprising distinct functional (chemical) groups based on a fused heteronuclear molecular model, where the interactions between segments are described with the Mie (generalized Lennard-Jonesium) potential of variable attractive and repulsive range. A key feature of the new theory is the accurate description of the monomeric group-group interactions by application of a high-temperature perturbation expansion up to third order. The capabilities of the SAFT-γ Mie approach are exemplified by studying the thermodynamic properties of two chemical families, the n-alkanes and the n-alkyl esters, by developing parameters for the methyl, methylene, and carboxylate functional groups (CH3, CH2, and COO). The approach is shown to describe accurately the fluid-phase behavior of the compounds considered with absolute average deviations of 1.20% and 0.42% for the vapor pressure and saturated liquid density, respectively, which represents a clear improvement over other existing SAFT-based group contribution approaches. The use of Mie potentials to describe the group-group interaction is shown to allow accurate simultaneous descriptions of the fluid-phase behavior and second-order thermodynamic derivative properties of the pure fluids based on a single set of group parameters. Furthermore, the application of the perturbation expansion to third order for the description of the reference monomeric fluid improves the predictions of the theory for the fluid-phase behavior of pure components in the near-critical region. The predictive capabilities of the approach stem from its formulation within a group-contribution formalism: predictions of the fluid-phase behavior and thermodynamic derivative properties of compounds not included in the development of group parameters are demonstrated. The performance of the theory is also critically assessed with predictions of the fluid-phase behavior (vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria) and excess thermodynamic properties of a variety of binary mixtures, including polymer solutions, where very good agreement with the experimental data is seen, without the need for adjustable mixture parameters.

Fast sampling and quenching procedures for microbial metabolic profiling.

A reliable quantification of intracellular concentrations of intermediates in microorganisms depends on a proper sampling procedure and the subsequent fast inactivation of metabolism via quenching. A single device integrating both operations was developed and simultaneously the quenching procedure on cells was assessed too, without finding negative effects on viability or metabolite leakage. Moreover, supported by an experimental design, the influences of process parameters in its dynamic operation were characterized and optimized. The novel in-situ rapid sampling and quenching apparatus can be employed on any laboratory glass fermenters accessible from the top of the bioreactor.